Preeclampsia

A serious pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and organ damage.

What is Preeclampsia?

Preeclampsia is a serious medical condition that typically occurs after 20 weeks of pregnancy. It is characterized by the sudden onset of high blood pressure and often signs of damage to other organ systems, most commonly the kidneys (detected as protein in the urine).

If left untreated, preeclampsia can lead to serious—even fatal—complications for both the mother and the baby.

Common Signs and Symptoms

Preeclampsia can sometimes develop without any obvious symptoms, which is why blood pressure checks at every prenatal appointment are so vital. However, signs to watch for include:

• Severe Headaches: That don't go away with rest or acetaminophen.
• Vision Changes: Blurriness, seeing 'spots' or 'stars,' or light sensitivity.
• Sudden Swelling (Edema): Specifically in the face and hands (leg swelling is normal in pregnancy, but hand/face swelling is a red flag).
• Upper Abdominal Pain: Often felt under the ribs on the right side.
• Shortness of Breath: Caused by fluid in the lungs.

Who is at Risk?

While it can happen to anyone, risk factors include:

• First-time pregnancy.
• History of chronic high blood pressure or kidney disease.
• Previous history of preeclampsia.
• Multiple pregnancy (twins/triplets).
• Being over age 35.
• Obesity.

Treatment and Management

The only 'cure' for preeclampsia is the delivery of the baby and the placenta. Depending on how far along the pregnancy is and the severity of the symptoms, doctors may:

• Monitor you closely with frequent blood pressure checks and lab work.
• Prescribe medications to lower blood pressure or prevent seizures (Magnesium Sulfate).
• Recommend an early induction or C-section if the risks of continuing the pregnancy outweigh the benefits.

The Bottom Line

Preeclampsia is a intimidating word, but with modern prenatal care, it is highly manageable. Tracking your daily symptoms like headaches or vision changes in the Bloom App and attending all your checkups are your best lines of defense.